Aerosols in the Woods
Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation
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First, they found that the number of small clusters (< 1.2 nm) was essentially constant over time with loss from evaporation and reaction balancing growth by accretion and reaction.
Second, growth up to about 1.9 nm occurs through reactions with sulfuric acid. Significant growth only occurred on days when sulfuric acid concentrations increases and was synchronous with it. On the other hand, theory shows that sulfuric acid/water aerosols are not stable by themselves requiring amines to stabilize and measurements with an atmospheric pressure inlet time of flight mass spectrometer showed that the intermediate aerosols did incorporate amines. This means that sulfuric acid from SOx oxidation can be rate limiting
Third, above this limit, organic addition dominates and growth requires (photo)chemical activation by oxidation
Fourth, neutral clusters dominate as shown in the figure above and for all aerosol sizes. The purple line shows the relative numbers of neutral (purple), ionic( blue) and ions formed by recombination (red) aerosols. This is surprising and casts a different light on claims that cosmic ray ionization controls aerosol production.
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11 comments:
Part of the reason is that the doctorate in Finland requires at least a couple of publications before the thesis paper...
Oale... got similar problems in Sweden... stupid system to get money to the specific universities...
This calls for disemvowelling
theory shows that sulfuric acid/water aerosols are not stable by themselves requiring amines to stabilize
Are you suggesting a synergy between amine-based direct atmospheric CO2 capture schemes and sulfuric acid aerosol geoengineering?
Theory shows it and measurement confirms it. You need amines or similar organic to stabilize the aerosols. As you point out this has implications for geoengineering, but if you are going to dump a bunch of sulfates a bit of ammonia or methylamine is no biggie.
However, bunnies can torture the geoengineers with this a bit
Bunnies should wrinkle their noses at the carbon captivators first- The amines in question come in bottles with the charming warning label :
FLAMMABLE STENCH
With a per capita inventory of hundreds of kilos of Essence of Mackeral Guts, amine CO2 capture amounts to an olefactory doomsday machine.
"Part of the reason is that the doctorate in Finland requires at least a couple of publications before the thesis paper..."
Not at least in my university, and that requirement is news to me in general. Where did you get that from? (The Helsinki U. requirements are below and none there either http://www.helsinki.fi/tutkinnonuudistus/jatkotutkinto/tohtori.html#3 )
This previous article could perhaps be more understandable by the so called ordinary readership:
Toward Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Nucleation
Markku Kulmala et al
Science 5 October 2007: 89-92.
Published online 30 August 2007 [DOI:10.1126/science.1144124]
-F
Dear anonymous, it seems my info was dated (1990s), lovely.
Oale, I don't think there ever has been such a requirement here, as I've personally seen quite a few people I know struggle through with their doctoral degrees over the past few decades. I though the Ministry had come up with something startlingly new without telling any one of us...
-F
No formal requirements ofc... Informal at lots of research groups still
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